![]() Iwahashi T, Shino K, Nakata K, Otsubo H, Suzuki T, Amano H et al (2010) Direct anterior cruciate ligament insertion to the femur assessed by histology and 3-dimensional volume-rendered computed tomography. Ikuta Y, Nakamae A, Shimizu R, Ishikawa M, Nakasa T, Ochi M et al (2022) A comparison of central anatomic single-bundle reconstruction and anatomic double-bundle reconstruction in anteroposterior and rotational knee stability: intraoperative biomechanical evaluation. Hey Groves EW (1917) Operation for the repair of the cruciate ligaments. Hart A, Han Y, Martineau PA (2015) The apex of the deep cartilage: a landmark and new technique to help identify femoral tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Haroun HK, Abouelsoud MM, Allam MR, Abdelwahab MM (2022) Transtibial versus independent femoral tunnel drilling techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: evaluation of femoral aperture positioning. Hara K, Kubo T, Suginoshita T, Shimizu C, Hirasawa Y (2000) Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using a double bundle. Gardner EJ, Noyes FR, Jetter AW, Grood ES, Harms SP, Levy MS (2015) Effect of anteromedial and posterolateral anterior cruciate ligament bundles on resisting medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartment subluxations. įerretti M, Levicoff EA, Macpherson TA, Moreland MS, Cohen M, Fu FH (2007) The fetal anterior cruciate ligament: an anatomic and histologic study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 29(4):1164–1172ĭong Y, Tang J, Cui P, Shen S, Wang G, Li J et al (2021) Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using ruler-assisted positioning of the femoral tunnel relative to the posterior apex of the deep cartilage: a single-center case series. J Knee Surg 32(6):584–588ĭimitriou D, Zou D, Wang Z, Helmy N, Tsai TY (2021) Anterior cruciate ligament bundle insertions vary between ACL-rupture and non-injured knees. J Exp Orthop 7(1):11ĭas A, Yadav CS, Gamanagatti S, Pandey RM, Mittal R (2019) Arthroscopic and 3D CT scan evaluation of femoral footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament in chronic ACL deficient knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 27(1):124–129Ĭury RPL, Simabukuro AM, Oliveira VM, Escudeiro D, Jorge PB, Severino FR et al (2020) Anteromedial positioning of the femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the best option to avoid revision: a single surgeon registry. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 30(4):1388–1395Ĭlatworthy M, Sauer S, Roberts T (2019) Transportal central femoral tunnel placement has a significantly higher revision rate than transtibial AM femoral tunnel placement in hamstring ACL reconstruction. Knee 25(6):1122–1128īyrne KJ, Hughes JD, Gibbs C et al (2022) Non-anatomic tunnel position increases the risk of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Knee Surg 10(1):14–21īorton ZM, Yasen SK, Mumith A, Wilson AJ (2018) Mid-bundle positioning of the femoral socket increases graft rupture in anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Given the similarity among the specimens in terms of the height of the ACL on the Y-axis in relation to the proximal posterior cartilage of the femoral lateral condyle (point C), this point can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction for single- or double-bundle techniques.Īnsari MH, Claes S, Wascher DC, Neyret P, Stuart MJ, Krych AJ (2017) International perspective on revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: what have we been missing? Instr Course Lect 66(15):543–556īernard M, Hertel P, Hornung H, Cierpinski T (1997) Femoral insertion of the ACL. Regarding the distance (from point C to the distal cartilage along the X-axis), the center of the anteromedial bundle (AM) was 35% (SD: 4.9%), the center of the posterolateral bundle was 62% (SD: 3.7%), and the center of the ACL (M) was 44% (SD: 7%) of the CD distance on average. The mean distances were 7.2 mm (SD: 0.7) between the center of the anteromedial bundle and the Y-axis (AM-Y), 9 mm (SD: 1.1) between the center of the ACL and the Y-axis (M-Y), and 12.7 mm (SD: 0.9) between the center of the posterolateral bundle and the Y-axis (PL-Y). The distances to the center of the anteromedial and posterolateral bands and to the center of the ACL were measured. The X-axis (deep-shallow) and Y-axis (high-low) were determined using the femoral diaphysis and the proximal cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle (point C) as a reference, which were easily identified by direct visualization through the anteromedial portal. To describe the femoral insertion of the ACL using the posterior proximal cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle as the anatomical reference. ![]()
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